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Ancient
and medieval times
Writings on massage have been found in many ancient civilizations
including Rome, Greece, Japan, China, Egypt, Mesopotamia
and India. A biblical reference from c.493 BC documents
daily massage with olive oil and myrrh as a part of the
beauty regimen of the wives of Xerxes. (Esther, 2:9-12)
Hippocrates wrote in 460 BC that "The physician must be
experienced in many things, but assuredly in rubbing."
The ancient Chinese book called Huangdi Neijing by the Yellow
Emperor recommended "massage of skin and flesh." In Romania
some illnesses were treated by a massage in which the client
was trodden on by a tame bear.
A
Powerful Ally
There’s no denying the power of bodywork. Regardless of
the adjectives we assign to it (pampering, rejuvenating,
therapeutic) or the reasons we seek it out (a luxurious
treat, stress relief, pain management), massage therapy
can be a powerful ally in your healthcare regimen.
Experts estimate that upwards of ninety percent of disease
is stress related. And perhaps nothing ages us faster, internally
and externally, than high stress. While eliminating anxiety
and pressure altogether in this fast-paced world may be
idealistic, massage can, without a doubt, help manage stress.
This translates into:
- Decreased
anxiety.
- Enhanced
sleep quality.
- Greater
energy.
- Improved
concentration.
- Increased
circulation.
- Reduced
fatigue.
Furthermore,
clients often report a sense of perspective and clarity
after receiving a massage. The emotional balance bodywork
provides can often be just as vital and valuable as the
more tangible physical benefits.
Modern
times
China: Since the time of the Mao Zedong massage has continued
to develop absorbing western ideas into the traditional
framework. It is widely practiced and taught in hospital
and medical schools and is an essential part of primary
healthcare.
United
States: Massage started to become popular in the United
States in the middle part of the 1800s and was introduced
by two New York physicians based on Per Henrik Ling's techniques
developed in Sweden. During the 1930s and 1940s massage's
influence decreased as a result of medical advancements
of the time, while in the 1970s massage's influence grew
once again with a notable rise among athletes. Massage was
used up until the 1960s and 1970s by nurses to help ease
patients’ pain and help them sleep.
United
Kingdom: Massage is popular in the United Kingdom today
and gaining in popularity. There are many private practitioners
working from their own premises as well as those who operate
from commercial venues. Massage in sports, business and
organizations: The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta was the
first time that massage was offered as a core medical service.
[8] Massage has been employed by businesses and organizations
such as the U.S. Department of Justice, Boeing and Reebok.
Profound Effects
In response to massage, specific physiological and chemical
changes cascade throughout the body, with profound effects.
Research shows that with massage:
- Arthritis
sufferers note fewer aches and less stiffness and pain.
- Asthmatic
children show better pulmonary function and increased
peak air flow.
- Burn
injury patients report reduced pain, itching, and anxiety.
- High
blood pressure patients demonstrate lower diastolic blood
pressure, anxiety, and stress hormones.
- Premenstrual
syndrome sufferers have decreased water retention and
cramping.
- Preterm
infants have improved weight gain.
Tables
and chairs
Massage table used in Kerala-style Ayurveda Abhyanga massage.
Mechanical massage chairs at VivoCity in Singapore.Specialized
massage tables and chairs are used to position clients during
massages. A typical commercial massage table has an easily
cleaned, heavily padded surface, and a horseshoe-shaped
head support that allows the client to breathe easily while
lying face down and can be stationary or portable. An orthopedic
pillow or bolster can be used to correct body positioning.
Ergonomic chairs serve a similar function as a massage table.
Chairs may be either stationary or portable models. Massage
chairs are easier for the practitioner to transport than
massage tables, and clients do not need to disrobe to receive
a chair massage. Due to these two factors, chair massage
is often performed in settings such as corporate offices,
outdoor festivals, shopping malls, and other public locations.
Research
continues to show the enormous benefits of touch—which range
from treating chronic diseases, neurological disorders,
and injuries, to alleviating the tensions of modern lifestyles.
Consequently, the medical community is actively embracing
bodywork, and massage is becoming an integral part of hospice
care and neonatal intensive care units. Many hospitals are
also incorporating on-site massage practitioners and even
spas to treat postsurgery or pain patients as part of the
recovery process.
Increase the Benefits with Frequent Visits
Getting a massage can do you a world of good. And getting
massage frequently can do even more. This is the beauty
of bodywork. Taking part in this form of regularly scheduled
self-care can play a huge part in how healthy you’ll be
and how youthful you’ll remain with each passing year. Budgeting
time and money for bodywork at consistent intervals is truly
an investment in your health. And remember: just because
massage feels like a pampering treat doesn’t mean it is
any less therapeutic. Consider massage appointments a necessary
piece of your health and wellness plan, and work with your
practitioner to establish a treatment schedule that best
meets your needs.
Oil
Many different types of oils can be used including fractionated
coconut oil, grape seed oil, macadamia oil, sesame oil,
pecan oil, and mustard oil. Aromatherapy oils such as neroli
oil and pine oil can also be mixed with carrier oils. Salts
are also used in association with oils to remove dry skin.
Massage
methods and contraindications
Massage can be performed by a massage therapist, or by other
health care professionals, such as chiropractors, osteopaths,
athletic trainers, and/or physical therapists. Massage therapists
work in a variety of medical and recreational settings and
may travel to private residences or businesses. Contraindications
to massage include deep vein thrombosis, bleeding disorders
or taking blood thinners such as Warfarin, damaged blood
vessels, weakened bones from cancer, osteoporosis, or fractures,
and fever.
Prima
massage of Wilmington NC
Acupressure
Acupressure (a blend of "acupuncture" and "pressure") is
a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) technique derived from
acupuncture. In acupressure physical pressure is applied
to acupuncture points by the hand, elbow, or with various
devices. Main article: Acupressure
Shiatsu
Shiatsu massage is an eastern (oriental) born therapy that
is designed to rebalance your physical being by rebalancing
your energy field ("shi" meaning finger and "atsu" meaning
pressure.) A shiatsu uses pressure applied with thumbs,
fingers and palms to specific pressure points of the body.
It also uses techniques such as rolling, brushing, vibrating,
grasping and in one particular technique developed by Suzuki
Yamamoto, pressure is applied with the feet on the persons
back, legs and feet (special set up is required for the
"foot" Ashiatsu.)
Ayurvedic
massage Traction Massage in marma therapy given in Sreepathy
cvn kalari for inter vertebral disc prolapseAyurveda is
a natural health care system originating in India that incorporates
massage, yoga, meditation and herbal remedies. Ayurvedic
massage, also known as Abhyanga is usually performed by
one or two therapists using a heated blend of herbal oils
based on the ayurvedic system of humors.
Balinese
massage Balinese massage techniques are gentle which makes
the patient feel relax and calm throughout. The techniques
include skin rolling, kneading, stroking, etc...The masseuse
applies aromatheraphy oil througout the massage. Patient's
blood, oxygen and energy flow increases. Balinese hot stones
are an option.
Bowen
therapy Main article: Bowen Technique Bowen technique involves
a rolling movement over fascia, muscles, ligaments, tendons
and joints. It is said not to involve deep or prolonged
contact with muscle tissues as in most kinds of massage,
but claims to relieve muscle tensions and strains and to
restore normal lymphatic flow. It is based on practices
developed by Australian Tom Bowen.[14]
Breema
Main article: Breema Breema bodywork is performed on the
floor with the recipient fully clothed. It consists of rhythmical
and gentle leans and stretches. .
Champissage
Champissage) in Mumbai, Maharashtra.Main article: Champissage
Champissage is a massage technique focusing on the head,
neck and face that is believed to balance the chakras. [edit]
Esalen Massage Main article: Esalen Massage Esalen Massage
was developed by Charlotte Selver and works with gentle
rocking of the body, passive joint exercises and deep structural
work on the muscles and joints, together with an energetic
balancing of the body.
Hilot
Main article: Hilot Hilot is an ancient healing technique
from the Philippines that also includes massage techniques.
The massage techniques relax stressed muscles. Hilot also
includes joint manipulations to help relax stressed muscles.
Hilot encompasses a wide variety of techniques beyond the
treatment of stressed muscles. Hilot is used to reset dislocated
and sprained joints, diagnose and treat musculoligamentous
and musculoskeletal ailments, and even aid in the giving
birth of babies.
Jacuzzi
Jacuzzi Brothers, Italian immigrants, introduce the invention
in California back in 1968. Jacuzzi was used for hydrotheraphy
and as a personal high-end relaxation hot tub with jets
and pumps for both indoor and outdoor. Physical therapist
and masseuse have incorporate the famous jacuzzi to their
profession in homes and in clinics. Today, virtually every
resort, casino and hotel has a Jacuzzi SPA to relax into
and enjoy with pleasure.
Lomi
Lomi Main article: Lomi Lomi Massage in Tarifa, Spain.Lomilomi
is the traditional massage of Hawaii. As an indigenous practice,
it varies by island and by family. Lomi Lomi practice by
Kahunas(healers) in Polynesia and in Micronesia.
Medical
massage Massage used in the medical field includes decongestive
therapy used for lymphedema which can be used in conjunction
with the treatment of breast cancer. Carotid sinus massage
is used to diagnose carotid sinus syncope and is sometimes
useful for differentiating supraventricular tachycardia
(SVT) from ventricular tachycardia. It, like the valsalva
maneuver, is a therapy for SVT. However, it is less effective
than management of SVT with medications.
Myofascial
release Myofascial release refers to the manual massage
technique for stretching the fascia and releasing bonds
between fascia, integument, and muscles with the goal of
eliminating pain, increasing range of motion and equilibrioception.
Myofascial release usually involves applying shear compression
or tension in various directions, or by skin rolling.
Prima
massage
Anma
Main article: Anma Anma is a traditional Japanese massage
involving kneading and deep tissue work. [edit] Reflexology
massage Main article: reflexology Pebble massage sandals
from Dalian, China.Reflexology involves massaging, squeezing
or pushing parts of the feet, hands and ears with a goal
of encouraging health throughout the body. This theory is
based on a perceived energetic flow of "meridians" in the
body, and is considered pseudoscientific.
Russian
Massage Russian Massage has three phases. The first phase
is gentle, slow and mild. The second phase is hard, deep
and fast. The third phase is similar to the first phase
which is slow and gentle. The massage therapist applies
honey.
Shiatsu
Main article: Shiatsu Shiatsu (??) is a form of Japanese
massage that uses thumb pressure and works along the same
energy meridians as acupressure and incorporates stretching.
Stone
massage Main article: stone massage A hot stone massage.A
stone massage uses cold or water-heated stones to apply
pressure and heat to the body. Stones coated in oil can
also be used by the therapist delivering various massaging
strokes.
Structural
Integration Main article: Structural Integration Structural
Integration's aim is to unwind the strain patterns residing
in your body's myofascial system, restoring it to its natural
balance, alignment, length, and ease. This is accomplished
by deep, slow, fascial and myofascial manipulation, coupled
with movement re-education. Various brands of Structural
Integration are Kinesis Myofascial Integration and rolfing
Swedish
massage Swedish massage uses five styles of long, flowing
strokes to massage. The five basic strokes are effleurage
(light touch), petrissage (kneading), tapotement (rhythmic
tapping), friction (compression), and vibration. Swedish
massage has shown to be helpful in reducing pain, joint
stiffness, and improving function in patients with osteoarthritis
of the knee over a period of eight weeks. The development
of Swedish massage is credited to Per Henrik Ling though
the Dutch practitioner Johan Georg Mezger adopted the French
names to denote the basic strokes. A Swedish massage is
not related to the country of Sweden, where massages are
quite uncommon. Most Swedes have in fact never heard of
a Swedish massage.
Thai
massage Thai Massage Drawings of accupressure points on
Sen lines at Wat Pho temple in Thailand.Main article: Thai
massage Known in Thailand as ??????????? (Nuat phaen boran,
IPA [nu?t p??n bora?n]), meaning "ancient/traditional massage",
Thai massage originated in India and is based on ayurveda
and yoga. The technique combines massage with yoga-like
positions during the course of the massage; the northern
style emphasizes stretching while the southern style emphasizes
acupressure.
Traditional
Chinese massage Two types of traditional Chinese massage
exist - Tui na (??) which focusses on pushing, stretching
and kneading the muscle and Zhi Ya (??) which focuses on
pinching and pressing at acupressure points. Both are based
on principles from Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Trager
Approach Main article: Trager Approach The Trager approach
combines movement, massage and education.
Trigger
point therapy Also called a pressure point massage, this
involves stimulating hypothetical trigger points that may
refer pain sensations to other parts of the body. Manual
pressure is applied to these points. Trigger point therapy
was founded by Janet G. Travell and David Simons.
Visceral
manipulation One form is Mayan abdominal massage which is
practiced in many countries in Latin America. This type
of massage was developed by Elijio Panti of Belize and brought
to the United States by Rosita Arvigo. Even though Panti
was a respected and well known user of Mayan massage, he
did not develop this modality. "Mayan Massage" techniques
have been used since before the spanish conquest and is
still practiced today by many Sobadores or Hueseros.
Watsu
Massager Jacuzzi in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.Main article:
Watsu Watsu is the combination of hydrotherapy and shiatsu
developed by Harold Dull. The work is done in skin temperature
water with both the therapist and practitioner in the water,
usually a pool which is between 3.5 ft to 4 ft (100–120
cm) deep. The work entails much movement in the water and
practitioners believe that it incorporates the activation
of the energy lines derived from shiatsu.
Meso-America
In Meso-America as in other areas of the world an indigenous
form of soft tissue and structural work was devised. Today
this art survives thanks to the many Sobadoras/es or Hueseros/as
that have been handed these techniques via oral tradition.
In the book "Wind in the Blood" there is an instance where
a yucatec maya was treated by an illiterate sobador for
a broken arm using the Meso-American techniques and when
he was X-rayed months later the arm had only miniscule signs
of damage.
Associated
methods Many types of practices are associated with massage
and include Bodywork (alternative medicine), manual therapy,
energy medicine, and breathwork. Other names for massage
and related practices include hands-on work, body/somatic
therapy, and somatic movement education. Body-mind integration
techniques stress self-awareness and movement over physical
manipulations by a practitioner. Therapies related to movement
awareness/education are closer to Dance and movement therapies.
Massage can also have connections with the New Age movement
and alternative medicine as well as being used by mainstream
medical practitioners.
Beneficial
effects Peer-reviewed medical research has shown that the
benefits of massage include pain relief, reduced trait anxiety
and depression, and temporarily reduced blood pressure,
heart rate, and state anxiety.
Theories
behind what massage might do include blocking nociception
(gate control theory), activating the parasympathetic nervous
system which may stimulate the release of endorphins and
serotonin, preventing fibrosis or scar tissue, increasing
the flow of lymph, and improving sleep but such effects
are yet to be supported by well designed clinical studies.
Massage is hindered from reaching the gold standard of scientific
research which includes placebo-controlled and double blind
clinical trials. Developing a "sham" manual therapy for
massage would be difficult since even light touch massage
could not be assumed to be completely devoid of effects
on the subject. It would also be difficult to find a subject
that would not notice that they were getting less of a massage
and it would be impossible to blind the therapist. Massage
can employ randomized controlled trials which are published
in peer reviewed medical journals. This type of study could
increase the credibility of the profession because it displays
that purported therapeutic effects are reproducible.
Increase
the Benefits with Frequent Visits
Getting a massage can do you a world of good. And getting
massage frequently can do even more. This is the beauty
of bodywork. Taking part in this form of regularly scheduled
self-care can play a huge part in how healthy you’ll be
and how youthful you’ll remain with each passing year. Budgeting
time and money for bodywork at consistent intervals is truly
an investment in your health. And remember: just because
massage feels like a pampering treat doesn’t mean it is
any less therapeutic. Consider massage appointments a necessary
piece of your health and wellness plan, and work with your
practitioner to establish a treatment schedule that best
meets your needs.
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